[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/proc-najdeme-vacnatce-pouze-v-australii\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/proc-najdeme-vacnatce-pouze-v-australii\/","headline":"Pro\u010d najdeme va\u010dnatce pouze v Austr\u00e1lii","name":"Pro\u010d najdeme va\u010dnatce pouze v Austr\u00e1lii","description":"Mnoh\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 druhy jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, jin\u00e9 zase najdeme jen na jednom m\u00edst\u011b na planet\u011b. To je celkem pochopiteln\u00e9. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed je v\u0161ak to, kdy\u017e se endemick\u00fdm stane cel\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u va\u010dnatc\u016f. Ty najdeme v\u00a0podstat\u011b pouze v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii a na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Bez ohledu na jejich schopnosti, nikde jinde ve […]","datePublished":"2023-11-30","dateModified":"2023-11-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aa13f0f1a5b61a2deba1492ce3bb4afe8e77d91eeb44c23db0ee08765a93abad?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aa13f0f1a5b61a2deba1492ce3bb4afe8e77d91eeb44c23db0ee08765a93abad?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ceskom.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art474465_4x3_20261007_063938_5hab4Y.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art474465_4x3_20261007_063938_5hab4Y.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/proc-najdeme-vacnatce-pouze-v-australii\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":415,"articleBody":"\tMnoh\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 druhy jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, jin\u00e9 zase najdeme jen na jednom m\u00edst\u011b na planet\u011b. To je celkem pochopiteln\u00e9. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed je v\u0161ak to, kdy\u017e se endemick\u00fdm stane cel\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u va\u010dnatc\u016f.\tTy najdeme v\u00a0podstat\u011b pouze v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii a na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Bez ohledu na jejich schopnosti, nikde jinde ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b neexistuj\u00ed. To je n\u011bco, co v\u011bdce dlouhou dobu pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1tlo. Nakonec se zjistilo, \u017ee zde hr\u00e1la roli kombinace n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f.\tT\u00edm prvn\u00edm a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm byla izolace. Austr\u00e1lie je jako jedin\u00fd obyvateln\u00fd kontinent od ostatn\u00edch izolov\u00e1na \u2013 z\u00a0Afriky do Evropy a do Asie lze p\u0159ej\u00edt p\u0159es Arabsk\u00fd poloostrov, zat\u00edmco do Ameriky se mohly r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it b\u011bhem doby ledov\u00e9, kdy byla Barringova \u00fa\u017eina zamrzl\u00e1 a vytvo\u0159il se tak v\u00a0podstat\u011b ledov\u00fd most. U Austr\u00e1lie nic takov\u00e9ho nenastalo.\tNen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee zde prob\u00edhal v\u00fdvoj pon\u011bkud jinak, ne\u017e jinde. A to vedlo k\u00a0rozvoji va\u010dnatc\u016f. Ti se od ostatn\u00edch savc\u016f li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u00e9 ml\u00e1d\u011b p\u0159echov\u00e1vaj\u00ed po n\u011bjakou dobu po porodu ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edm vaku, kde m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0ml\u00e9ku a kde je v\u00a0teple a v\u00a0bezpe\u010d\u00ed.\tTady se m\u016f\u017eeme pt\u00e1t, pro\u010d se tedy tento syst\u00e9m, pokud je tak v\u00fdhodn\u00fd, nevyvinul u v\u00edce druh\u016f. Odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: ve skute\u010dnosti tak v\u00fdhodn\u00fd nen\u00ed. Pokud se toti\u017e n\u011bco stane matce, pak ml\u00e1d\u011b nem\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Na druhou stranu, pokud je ml\u00e1d\u011b schovan\u00e9 v\u00a0doup\u011bti \u010di hn\u00edzd\u011b a krm\u00ed je oba rodi\u010de, pak m\u00e1 i p\u0159es ztr\u00e1tu matky \u0161anci.\tTo je koneckonc\u016f tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se po p\u0159\u00edchodu Evropan\u016f s\u00a0jejich psy, ovcemi, ko\u0148mi a ko\u010dkami staly mnoh\u00e9 druhy va\u010dnatc\u016f ohro\u017een\u00fdmi, n\u011bkter\u00e9 pak dokonce vyhynuly. Nedok\u00e1zaly zkr\u00e1tka konkurovat t\u011bmto nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se vyvinuly v\u00a0mnohem drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\t\tI to je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je nutn\u00e9 va\u010dnatce chr\u00e1nit. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jich u\u017e jen m\u00e1lo, a byla by velk\u00e1 \u0161koda o tak unik\u00e1tn\u00ed skupinu zv\u00ed\u0159at p\u0159ij\u00edt.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Pro\u010d najdeme va\u010dnatce pouze v Austr\u00e1lii","item":"https:\/\/www.ceskom.cz\/proc-najdeme-vacnatce-pouze-v-australii\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]